Zen

Zen is a school of Mahayana Buddhism. It is primarily distinguished from other Buddhist sects in that it deemphasises religious texts as means to reaching enlightenment and instead focuses on introspection.
Zen emphasizes direct communication over the study of scripture.

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In the words of Alan Watts, a British philosopher & writer:
"Zen does not confuse spirituality with thinking about God while one is peeling potatoes.
Zen spirituality is just to peel the potatoes."

Zen Teachings & Beliefs

1. All sentient beings have Buddha-nature.
2. Knowledge can be acquired from all aspects of life.
3. Such knowledge helps to achieve enlightenment.
4. The six paramitas (perfections) are the six principles of enlightened living. They are:
   • Dana paramita: unattached generosity, boundless openness. Open heart, mind and hand.
   • Sila paramita: virtue, morality.
   • Shanti paramita: patience, tolerance, acceptance, endurance.
   • Virya paramita: energy, diligence, courage, enthusiasm, effort.
   • Dhyana paramita: meditation, absorption, concentration, contemplation.
   • Prajna: transcendental wisdom.
5. Meditation and mindfulness help in achieving new insights which leads to enlightenment.
6. The experiencing of mu (or 'wu', the lack pf presence, emptiness) leads to satori (spiritual awakening)

Zen Practices

The goal of Zen practice is to discover one's Buddha-nature. Practicing with others is seen as an important part.
Along the lines of spirituality in peeling potatoes, many Zen techniques are quite unconventional in comparison to what Westerners commonly perceive as spiritual practices.
Here are a few examples:

"Before enlightenment: chop wood, carry water.
After enlightenment: chop wood, carry water."

Zen proverb